Question 1

A2A

Accepted Answer

"Anyone to Anyone"
A term used in e-commerce.

Question 2

Access Code

Accepted Answer

Unique identifying code that is used to securely book a predefined rate. These codes are determined by the individual company advertising the special rate.

Question 3

Airport Code

Accepted Answer

A three-letter identifier designating a specific airport. Hotels are often referenced to airport codes in the GDS.

Question 4

Analytical Market Segmentation

Accepted Answer

A rule-based process used to create optimal revenue management segmentation from reservation data to support both the best basis for forecast and optimization and key organizational reporting and business intelligence requirements.

Question 5

ABVPOR

Accepted Answer

Average Booking Value Per Available Room.
Calculated by ADR minus your CPOR and multiply it by the number of rooms occupied.

Question 6

ARR (Average Room Rate)

Accepted Answer

Figure derived by dividing actual accommodation revenue (daily/monthly/weekly/annual/defined period of time) by the total number of rooms sold. Also see RevPAR.

Question 7

ARPOR

Accepted Answer

Adjusted Revenue Per Occupied Room

Question 8

ADR (Average Daily Rate)

Accepted Answer

Figure derived by dividing actual accommodation revenue for a single day into the total number of rooms sold. Also see RevPAR.

Question 9

ALOS (Average Length Of Stay)

Accepted Answer

Average Length of Stay
Figure derived by adding the total number of nights and dividing by the number of bookings.

Question 10

ALT (Average Lead Time)

Accepted Answer

Average Lead Time; The average days between booking/reservation date and arrival date. This is most commonly measured and monitored at house/hotel level. It is also useful in analysing ALT per product, per room type, and by channel for optimization.

Question 11

APCD

Accepted Answer

Available Passenger Cruise Days
The Cruise Industry’s measurement of capacity and represent double occupancy per cabin multiplied by the number of cruise days for the period.

Question 12

ASM (Available Seat Miles)

Accepted Answer

Available Seat Miles (ASM):
Represents the total number of seats flown by an airline multiplied by the distance of each flight.

Question 13

Axess

Accepted Answer

A global distribution system owned by Japan Airlines and Sabre Inc. to serve primarily Japanese travel agents and Japan Airlines tickets offices. Hotel reservations are booked using the Sabre Hotels database.

Question 14

B2B

Accepted Answer

"Business to Business"
A term used in e-commerce. Describes business to business transactions.

Question 15

B2C

Accepted Answer

A term used in e-commerce. Describes business to consumer transactions.

Question 16

BAR (Best Available Rate)

Accepted Answer

Best Available Rate
The lowest (cheapest) unqualified, publicly available room rate for a given day. Also referred to as the “daily rate” or “rate of the day”.  This rate may also serve as the base rate, on which negotiated discounts will be based (and therefore change dynamically as well) and is room-only. BAR flexes with demand and is distributed to all public channels.

Question 17

Booking Pace

Accepted Answer

The speed at which bookings materialize over a period of time from the booking date to the arrival date. Booking pace is expressed as a fraction of bookings received on certain days in advance. A pace calculation is a key component of a forecast.

Question 18

BUR

Accepted Answer

Best Unrestricted Rate
For example: utilized on Accorhotels.com

Question 19

Business Mix

Accepted Answer

The blend of different market segments that occupy a hotel, measured as a value or percent of occupancy.

Question 20

Blocked Space

Accepted Answer

Space that is reserved with a travel provider usually by a tour operator, consortia or wholesaler with the goal of reselling the space. The unsold space is usually returned to the travel provider within a specific period before arrival.

Question 21

Booking Engine

Accepted Answer

The behind-the-scenes system that provides reservations functionality on an Internet site. This functionality may be provided by a GDS or other reservation software provider such as a switch company. Some GDS examples include: Sabre is the booking engine for Travelocity.com; Worldspan is the booking engine for Priceline.com; Amadeus is the booking engine for onetravel.com; and Galileo is the booking engine for Cheaptickets.com.

Question 22

Central Commission Processing

Accepted Answer

Centralised commission payments to travel agents worldwide, in local currency.

Question 23

CRO

Accepted Answer

Central Reservations Office
Operated by hotel companies to process toll-free telephone reservations and electronic reservations as well as to perform other marketing and service functions.

Question 24

CRS

Accepted Answer

Central Reservations System / Services.
Originally, the term used for a Global Distribution System. Now used in the hotel industry to refer to a hotel company’s central reservation system or its central services department which typically operates from a single platform performing multiple functions across multiple hotels/properties.

Question 25

Chain Code / GDS Chain Code

Accepted Answer

The two letter code used in the GDSs to identify hotel chains. HEDNA administers the list of available chain codes. For example:
Accor Hotels:                                                    RT
Hilton Hotels:                                                    HH
Marriott Hotels, Resorts and Suites:                  MC
Renaissance Hotels and Resorts:                      BR
Courtyard by Marriott:                                       CY
Radisson Hotels:                                               RD
Full List of Global Chain Codes(http://memorize.com/hotel-chain-codes/mesezore)

Question 26

CM (channel manager)

Accepted Answer

Channel Manager
Software utilised in the planning and distribution of room availability and room rates across multiple channels of sale. To ensure maximum potential exposure and to avoid overbookings, a property’s accommodation inventory needs to be continually updated across all of the distribution channels they may use including direct online bookings, travel wholesalers, contact centres, and OTAs to name a few.

Question 27

CTA (Closed To Arrival)

Accepted Answer

Closed to Arrival
A room inventory control function. Indicates that a reservation for arrival on this date can not be confirmed. A common application of this control is placed on New Year's Day to prevent new reservations with an arrival date of January 1, in order to allow operational flexibility to optimize late departures.

Question 28

CPOR (Cost Per Occupied Room)

Accepted Answer

Cost Per Occupied Room

Question 29

Commission

Accepted Answer

The payment which a travel agent receives from a supplier for selling transportation, accommodations, or other services.

Question 30

Confirmation Number

Accepted Answer

An alphabetic, numeric, or alphanumeric code used to identify and document the reservation of air transportation, hotel or car reservations.

Question 31

Consortia

Accepted Answer

In general, a group of organizations, companies, and/or people forming a grouping to achieve common interests and buying power. While maintaining their individual activities which may in some cases be in direct competition to other consortium members. A consortium is defined as a coalition of incorporated companies formed for marketing and service purposes. While the term is commonly used in the travel industry it is not specific to the travel business. Airline alliances are one well known type of travel consortium. Examples of these are many national and international travel agency consortia such as Flight Centre Management (FCM) and Carlson Wagonlit Travel (CWT).
Hotels which have preferred status with agencies such as American Express and Carlson Wagonlit travel get access to their consultants, preferred ranking in their systems, and pay significant fees for the privilege – therefore they need to ensure their Sales and Revenue Managers maximize these partners and channels.

Question 32

Corporate ID

Accepted Answer

Unique identifying code that is used to securely book a pre-negotiated rate. These codes are determined and requested by the individual company, and sometimes unavailable due to duplication within some GDS systems.

Question 33

CRM

Accepted Answer

Customer Relationship Management
The name given to increasingly sophisticated programs to maintain close, lasting relationships between a company and its customers, between a hotel and its guests.

Question 34

CUG (Closed User Group)

Accepted Answer

Closed User Group
A CUG is defined as a specific group of people whom, through their own actions, have enrolled or qualified for membership. Communications are restricted to this group whereby a login and password and/or special access code is required so that the general public cannot view or book the promotional offer. Proof of membership maybe required upon check-in. Offers to CUGs can never be advertised in general publications that have visibility outside of the CUG.

Question 35

DBA

Accepted Answer

Days Before Arrival

Question 36

DBP

Accepted Answer

Demand-Based Pricing
In the Hospitality Industry, prices for services do not have to be permanently set. They can be adjusted, depending upon how many rooms, meals, etc. are needed by customers at any a particular time. This is what Demand-Based Pricing is all about – the price of something changes depending upon how much demand there is at a given time.

Question 37

Demand Forecast

Accepted Answer

A demand forecast can exceed 100% occupancy.

Question 38

Deposit

Accepted Answer

A specified amount or percentage of the total bill due to a hotel on a specified date prior to arrival or a certain number of days prior to arrival.

Question 39

Distressed Inventory

Accepted Answer

The term which refers to the (historical) practice of discounting hotel rooms or airline seats at the last minute to ensure that the property or aeroplane will fill to capacity on a given night/flight.

Question 40

Double

Accepted Answer

Hotel room with a double bed that may be occupied by one or two people.

Question 41

Dynamic Packaging

Accepted Answer

Online reservations booking process including demand-based hotel rooms pricing and flights and other non-hotel package components such as car hire, tours, etcetera. It is the term used to describe the ability for consumers to create their own packages by choosing the components of the package as they shop, where the individual component prices are not shown to the consumer.

Question 42

Dynamic Pricing

Accepted Answer

Also known as “fluid pricing”, Market-driven, demand-based pricing, dynamic because rates change with forecasted demand rather than being static. Automated pricing strategy whereby prices are derived from a Base Rate and altered based on strategic configured settings. Dynamically based prices are distributed through a CM from a PMS.

Question 43

EDM

Accepted Answer

Electronic Data Marketing
Email marketing occurs when a company uses e-mail to promote the sale of their products or services or to build customer relations with past guests/customers.

Question 44

EMEA

Accepted Answer

Europe, the Middle East and Asia

Question 45

Extranet

Accepted Answer

The secured connection of two or more Intranets, generally between companies. Extranets are often used by online agencies to allow hotels to maintain their rates and availability.

Question 46

FAM

Accepted Answer

Familiarisation Tour (or Famil)
A free or reduced-rate or free-of-charge travel program for travel agents, contact center sales agents and/or airline employees that is designed to acquaint them with specific hotels or destinations to stimulate their sale.

Question 47

Fenced

Accepted Answer

Rates that a property uses to provide a series of options to guests. The rate is determined by which fences a guest accepts, which might include nonrefundable and non-cancelable reservations, advanced purchase reservations, and staying over a weekend.

Question 48

Fencing

Accepted Answer

Using restrictions (minimum length of stay, pre-payment requirements, etc) to filter out reservations on dates and/or room types which have excess demand.

Question 49

F.I.T.

Accepted Answer

Acronym for a segment of travellers labelled as “Free Independent Travellers” or also “Foreign Individual Traveler”

Question 50

Freesale

Accepted Answer

The practice of selling rooms at a negotiated/confidential/contracted rate with no set allotment or number of rooms, until such time as the rate code is closed.  Freesale basis is an excellent option to sell negotiated (discounted) rates in a “yieldable” fashion, as the contract rate may be opened and closed based on forecasted demand. Rooms sold under freesale basis still comply with all rate conditions and applicable contract terms. Utilize an “elastic” group block code in Opera PMS.

Question 51

FPLOS

Question 52

Forecasting Model

Question 53

Floor Rate

Question 54

GDPR

Question 55

GSA

Question 56

Geocoding

Question 57

GHA

Question 58

GDS

Question 59

GNR

Question 60

GOP

Question 61

GOPPAR

Question 62

Guaranteed Reservations

Question 63

HEDNA

Question 64

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